Polio virus detected in New York City wastewater

Health officials have found poliovirus in New York City wastewater, according to an announcement from the city's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene on Friday. The discovery likely means that polio is circulating, currently undetected, in the city.

The virus was recently detected in wastewater samples north of the five boroughs in Orange County and Rockland County, and one case of paralytic polio was identified in Rockland County in July in an unvaccinated adult. 

New York City Health Commissioner Dr. Ashwin Vasan said in a statement, "The risk to New Yorkers is real, but the defense is so simple — get vaccinated against polio."

Most people get the shots as part of their routine childhood vaccination cycle. According to an NBC News report, about 86% of children aged 6 months to 5 years have received all three polio vaccine doses. Across the state, about 79% of New Yorkers have received all three doses by the age of 2. 

However, in Orange and Rockland counties, vaccine rates are markedly lower, with only about 60% of children under two having received the shots.

"All children should get four doses of the polio vaccine," according to New York's city and state health departments, "with the first dose given at 6 weeks through 2 months of age, followed by one dose given at 4 months of age, 6 through 18 months old, and 4 through 6 years old."

New York State Health Commissioner Mary Bassett said that although the discovery of polio in the city was alarming, it was "not surprising."

"For every one case of paralytic polio identified, hundreds more may be undetected," said Dr. Bassett.

Polio is a highly infectious virus, but about 72% of individuals infected have no visible symptoms. An additional 25% will develop flu-like symptoms that typically fade within days. Only rarely does the disease cause permanent limb paralysis. Occasionally, it can also result in meningitis or paresthesia.

The CDC estimates that 2%-10% of childhood paralytic polio cases are fatal, a number that rises to 15%-30% in adolescents and adults.